A cross sectional study of fasting serum magnesium levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation to diabetic complications

Abstract

The objective of the study was to estimate fasting serum magnesium concentration in patients with type 2 DM and correlating serum magnesium concentration with micro and macro vascular complication of type 2 DM.100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients admitted in Navodaya Medical Collage Hospital, Raichur over the period of one year between 1stJanuary 2011 to 31st December 2011, were selected for this study. Detailed history, general physical examination, systemic examination, and various investigations like FBS, PPBS,HbA1C,Blood urea, serum creatinine and urine examination were carried out. Serum magnesium was estimated by Calmagite dye method. ECG findings were recorded. Retinopathy was assessed by direct opthalmoscopy. Hypomagnesemia was found in 35 patients. Observations revealed a significant co-relations between hypomagnesium and diabetic retinopathy (chisquare=9.672,P=0.0019,DF=1)prevalence of hypomagnesemia in diabetic with complications was significantly higher compared to diabetic with no complications (47.36%vs18.60%)(chi-square=7.69, P=0.005 DF=1).Higher prevalence of HbA1C >7% (40.30%vs 24.25%)but the result were not statistically significant for P value <0.05.Prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetic was 35%. Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was significantly higher in diabetic with microvascular complications compared to diabetic s with no microvascular complications. Prevalence of hypomagnesium was significantly higher in patients with retinopathy .Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was higher in patients with FBS>130 and HbA1C >7 .No significant associations existed between serum magnesium concentrations and other factors like age, sex, durations of diabetes, mode of treatment,diabetic neuropathy, ischemic heart disease and hypertension.